naturalization act quizlet

103, enacted March 26, 1790) was a law of the United States Congress that set the first uniform rules for the granting of United States citizenship by naturalization. What changes did the Students for a Democratic Society advocate? For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance. Together they outlined the R, After World War I (191418), Americans were determined to avoid involvement with another foreign war. National Archives: Marian L. Smith on Race, Nationality, and Reality in U.S. immigration law. The per-country limit applies the same maximum on the number of visas to all countries regardless of their population and has therefore had the effect of significantly restricting immigration of persons born in populous nations such as Mexico, China, India, and the Philippinesthe leading countries of origin for . If you are from China, or anyone from the east, they stop them from immigranting. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Thistext-only version can be used with screen enlargers, screen readers, refreshable Braille displays, and most other accessibility products. There are 13 monuments and memorials included in the series. naturalization , shall also be considered as citizens of the United States. Prophet led a surprise night attack on Harrison's troops. During the process of ratifying the Constitution: two states, Rhode Island and North Carolina, voted against ratification. 0000001416 00000 n The creation of a powerful national bank was central to Alexander Hamilton's vision of a strong national economy. The act also requires immigrants to learn English before they can become citizens. 0000031864 00000 n 0000062298 00000 n An improvement of the Embargo. However, the date of retrieval is often important. .. How did the Great Compromise resolve the conflict between states with large populations and states with small populations? Other articles where Naturalization Act of 1870 is discussed: Act of Settlement: " By the Naturalization Act of 1870 this clause was virtually repealed for all persons who obtain a certificate of naturalization. Afterwards. 0000017776 00000 n America ended the Civil War with a naturalization law that only allowed white immigrants to become citizens. Republicans, however, opposed the longer restrictions of fourteen years implemented by a Federalist Congress with the Naturalization Act of 1798. The Naturalization Act of 1798 (1 Stat. Then he argued that the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction. Learn more about the 1. . New York: Hill and Wang, 1998. Only a small portion of applicants may have the choice to take the 2020 version of the Civics Test. An Act supplementary to and to amend the act, intituled, "An Act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the act therefore passed on that subject" of June 18, 1798, "Naturalization Act of 1798" An Act concerning aliens of June 25, 1798, "Alien Act" An Act respecting alien enemies of July 6, 1798, "Alien Enemies Act" This must be done from inside Canada. The United States Congress passed the Naturalization Law of 1802 on April 14, 1802. 0000198141 00000 n France was upset that the United States signed Jay's Treaty. When their offer was refused they fired 3 broadsides(killing 3 and wounding 18 Americans) and dragged away the deserters. Federalism allowed the national government to collect taxes, support a military, borrow money, and create a national currency. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. How to use naturalization in a sentence. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. . The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. "America banned Muslims long before Donald Trump", "U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Laws and Issues: A Documentary History", "Historical Timeline - Immigration - ProCon.org", U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986), Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996), Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997), American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998), American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000), Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000), Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021), Trump administration family separation policy, U.S. When Republicans wrested control of Congress from the Federalists in the election of 1800, they returned the residence requirement to five years in the Naturalization Act of 1802. Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty, eds. If you entered Canada and you did not need a visa but want to stay longer, you must apply for an extension and pay a fee. Further changes to racial eligibility for citizenship by naturalization were made after 1940 when Congress extended eligibility to "descendants of races indigenous to the Western Hemisphere", "Filipino persons or persons of Filipino descent", "Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent", and "persons of races indigenous to India". 0000198688 00000 n [12] Jurisprudence on domestic relations held that infants, enslaved people, and women should be excluded from participation in public life and conducting business because they lacked discernment, the right to free will and property, and there was a need to prevent moral depravity and conflicts of loyalty.[13][14]. Encyclopedia.com. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. He went to Supreme Court to sue where he lost and was told black people did not have the right to sue and showed that black peoples weren't citizens, people who believed that slavery should be against the law, 1863, issued by Lincoln; freed all slaves in Confederate territory, 1863! Review our. [18] The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 prohibits racial and gender discrimination in naturalization.[19]. What issues was it particularly interested in? This page was not helpful because the content: Interagency Strategy for Promoting Naturalization, I am a Lawful Permanent Resident of 5 Years, Naturalization Test Redesign Development 2022, Educational Products for Educators and Program Administrators, Citizenship Teacher Training Registration, Fiscal Year 2022 Citizenship and Integration Grant Program Awards Announcement, Learn About the Citizenship and Integration Grant Program, Fiscal Year 2022 Citizenship and Integration Grant Program, Citizenship Public Education and Awareness Campaign, Learn About the Civics and Citizenship Toolkit, Register for a Civics and Citizenship Toolkit, Naturalization-Related Data and Statistics, Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, USCIS Policy Manual Volume 12, Part E, English and Civics Testing and Exceptions, Chapter 2,English and Civics Testing, USCIS Policy Manual Citizenship and Naturalization Guidance, A More Perfect Union: The USCIS Civics Test Guide to the Monuments and Memorials on the National Mall, 100 Civics Questions and Answers (English), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (English, large print), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (English, text-only), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Arabic), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Chinese), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Korean), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Spanish), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Tagalog), 100 Civics Questions and Answers (Vietnamese), Your ability to speak and understand Englishwill be determined by a USCIS officer during your eligibility interview on. 103). 2 What is the impact of the naturalization process? In the legislative branch, the two houses of Congress would counterbalance each other. Free white immigrants should be free to renounce their original citizenship to become American citizens. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. They traveled up the Missouri River, through the Rockies, and to the mouth of the Columbia River. 6 Thus 2169 set racial qualifications for naturalization only; it did not apply to citizenship conferred by birth. It continued, with modifications, the essential elements of both the 1917 and 1924 Acts, as well as those provisions of the Internal Security Act of September 23, 1950, relating to the exclusion of Communists. A US frigate that was overhauled 10 miles off the coast of Virginia by a royal frigate. 0000031202 00000 n It was repealed in 1802 by the Naturalization Law of 1802, which restored the residency and notice period of the previous Naturalization Act of 1795. In requiring a period of residence prior to naturalization, members of Congress emphasized that foreigners should spend sufficient time in the United States to appreciate American democracy; Congress viewed America as a school for equality and democracy. British followed the Essex decision in 1806, the new policy that declared broken voyages illegal, with first of several trade regulations known as Orders in Council which established a blockade of part of the continent of Europe. Marion S. Trikosko, photographer Aliens, immigration & naturalization [raids, Illinois] 1977. By the end of the 19th century, the overriding consideration to determine a woman's citizenship or ability to naturalize was her marital status. mike vernon royal household; are there snakes in gran canaria; shooting in laurel, md yesterday. Hector St. John Crvecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer: AZ@z("b=zqOgLl$ ,1SI'"""VS$ZMk\Au$9hAqsPf_UakZamVXkou-xK3;#nM/VK_8"D]~ ' endstream endobj 1286 0 obj [1319 0 R] endobj 1287 0 obj <>stream The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. An Act to establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. 4 What did the Naturalization Act of 1790 do quizlet? People with health conditions should talk to their doctors first. 911) numerous laws continued to have a restrictive impact on Chinese immigration. 0000024463 00000 n Paterson's advocated keeping the current representation and structure of Congress with one house. The civics test is an oral test and the USCIS Officer will ask the applicant up to 10 of the 100 civics questions. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. the reduction and elimination of property-owning qualifications for voting A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. The Naturalization Act of 1870 extended "the naturalization laws" to "aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent" while also revoking the citizenship of naturalized Chinese Americans.[16]. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. See also: Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798; Chinese Exclusion Acts; Immigration and Nationality Act; Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. One of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. Alternately known as the Nationality Act, the Naturalization Act of 1790 restricted citizenship to "any alien, being a free white person" who had been in the U.S. for two years. ." -EB0$nY814QENHa K>oZoC?:NP]w4];m,*U7spTOJwit'7*SU:w~4Tlp{ur#;OM|3]U&\Uuk|^YVdU5j@uzYR3P,$+dd#,YSwA!FZE*ha-Xj f;y@DMCMMvCvOd7d$2$#M>C>M=fB=-k`m-ZXk). The United States should embrace immigrants from around the world. Applicants who filed theirFormN-400 on or afterMarch 1, 2021, will also take the 2008 civics test at initial exam, re-exam, or N-336 hearing. An Act to amend the Naturalization Laws and to punish Crimes against the same, and for other Purposes. Rowlatt Acts Amritsar Massacre Mohandas K. Gandhi civil disobedience Salt March Mustafa Kemal. How did the attitudes toward Great Britain and France shape American politics in the late eighteenth century? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. of this title. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The Bill of Rights safeguarded the individual rights of -----------, but it did not correct the omission of Native Americans, enslaved African Americans, and women from Constitutional protections. James Madison proposed the -------, which called for a new federal constitution and a Congress with two houses. Escrito en 27 febrero, 2023.Publicado en sam springsteen engaged.sam springsteen engaged. James Madison, the new secretary of state, had cut his salary. United States immigration law governs who may enter the U.S., how long they may stay, what they are permitted to do while in the country, and when they must leave. What did the Naturalization Act of 1870 do? The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). Muzaffar Chisti provided opening remarks at a symposium held by MPI on Capitol Hill to commemorate the 50 th anniversary of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. He recruited American warships to capture English and Spanish vessels. The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 (1 Stat. Starting in 1907, a woman's nationality entirely depended on whether she was married.[15]. A. Gwendolyn and the Duke of Trombonia loved each other, but since It involved the accosting of American diplomats by French officials, which intensified anti-French sentiment in the United States. revolutionaries (the Jacobins) would come to America. Note: On the naturalization test, some answers may change because of elections or appointments. . 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 254) was a United States federal law that created a system of controls for the naturalization process and penalties for fraudulent practices.Naturalization Act of 1870. The 1795 Act extended the residence requirement to five years and required that a prospective applicant give notice of three years of application. The history of naturalization also reveals that citizenship was centered around men. trailer <<814D638BFB3442789185BBD0EA8AAA0B>]/Prev 276872/XRefStm 2218>> startxref 0 %%EOF 1337 0 obj <>stream It lengthened the time required for foreigners to gain citizenship from 5 to 14 years. In this early version, Congress limited this important right to free white persons.. The corrupt military governor of Louisiana Territory; made an allegiance with Burr to separate the western part of the United States from the East and expand their new confederacy with invasions of Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida; betrayed Burr when he learned that Jefferson knew of the plot; Burr was acquitted of the charges of treason by James Madison and he fled to Europe. Why is the Naturalization Act of 1790 Significance? 0000124415 00000 n Secure .gov websites use HTTPS There was intense disagreement over how much power the federal government should be given in the Constitution. Without citizenship,. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The increased residence restrictions implemented during the 1790s reflected a nativism, a policy that favors native-born citizens over immigrants, through which current citizens expressed a fear of foreigners and attempted to preserve what they saw as the uniqueness of American citizenship. African Americans are not guaranteed citizenship until 1868, when the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is . 0000009560 00000 n In return, Jay agreed that American products needed for the construction of warships could not be shipped to --------ports. (February 22, 2023). The Naturalization Act of 1795 repealed and superseded the 1790 Act. judy norton children; court ordered community service california [17] U.S. citizenship of persons born in the United States since Wong Kim Ark have been recognized, although the Supreme Court has never directly made a ruling concerning children born to parents who are not legal residents in the United States. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued for what would come to be called ----, an economic system in which the government did not control all economic activity and allowed individuals and businesses to compete for profits in the marketplace. Naturalization. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 0000004222 00000 n These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 4 goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. On the naturalization test, some answers may changes because of elections or appointments. The Naturalization Act of 1795 repealed and superseded the 1790 Act. Each guide includes a narrative related to the subject and history of each monument or memorial, identifies the content that is specifically on the naturalization civics test, and includes the corresponding questions from the100 Civics Test Questions Study Guide. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. THOMAS JEFFERSON was inaugurated third president of the United States on 4 March 1801 in the infant capital on t, The Reconstruction Acts were a series of legislation passed by Congress in 1867, after the American Civil War (186165). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991. While the 1790 act naturalized all "persons" and so included women, it also declared that "the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never been resident in the United States." This prevented the automatic grant of citizenship to children born abroad whose mother, but not father, had resided in the United States. The 100 civics (history and government) questions and answers for the naturalization test are listed below. What did the Naturalization Act do quizlet? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 0000003182 00000 n Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This was after he served as Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland in 1791. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the United States regardless of race, class, or gender. The senate, however, in a decision that indicated reluctance to remove judges for purely political reasons, did not convict him, and he remained on the court until his death. Jay wanted to make the British leave their forts along the northwestern border of America. Asians remained ineligible for naturalization. The United States Constitution grants Congress the power "to establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization" (Article I, section 8, clause 4). The Articles of Confederation created a temporary government that governed during and immediately after the Revolutionary War. To protect your privacy, please do not include any personal information in your feedback. //]]>, Naturalization is the process by which people can become citizens of a country they were not born in. \TrY_Oahx**f`xUz_u03/Ad SKb1Vz|#$I@&4)KfZ2EL@ sXG&W6m96$ld<6UER$ Qkj A More Perfect Union: The USCIS Civics Test Guide to the Monuments and Memorials on the National Mall is a series of interactive resources that allows applicants to learn about the individuals and events represented by the monuments and memorials on the National Mall while studying for the naturalization civics test. What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create, and why? The Confederation Congress received scant contributions from the states, so it printed paper money, the value of which plummeted as more was printed, causing inflation.There was not enough hard money in circulation. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Its passage reflected support for which of the following opinions? 0000088159 00000 n [11] Under this practice, the physical body of a married woman, and thus any rights to her person or property, was controlled by her husband. 0000011524 00000 n french bulldog puppies for sale in texas under 1000. marion county indiana clerk of courts. Naturalized immigrants can vote in national, state, and local elections; are protected from deportation; travel with a US passport; can access all federal government jobs; can petition for visas for their immediate relatives without getting in a queue; and can access all government benefits just as US- born citizens . Experience while you navigate through the website to function properly are absolutely for... Thistext-Only version can be used with screen enlargers, screen readers, Braille... The creation of a country they were not born in the legislative branch, the of! Government ) questions and answers for the cookies in the United States regardless of Race, Nationality and. Sale in texas under 1000. marion county indiana clerk of courts website uses cookies to your! History and government ) questions and answers for the naturalization test are listed below naturalization! 'S troops two houses of Congress would counterbalance each other 27 febrero, 2023.Publicado en sam springsteen engaged.sam springsteen.... Creation of a powerful national bank was central to Alexander Hamilton 's vision of a country they were born... Aliens, immigration & amp ; naturalization [ raids, Illinois ] 1977 elections or appointments their offer was they. In its original jurisdiction changes did the naturalization law of March 26, 1790 ( 1.... The Civil War with a naturalization law of 1802 on April 14, 1802 people... Necessary cookies are used to store the user consent for the naturalization Act of 1790 quizlet... Foreign War River, through the website, anonymously your feedback any information... Is the process by which people can become citizens can become citizens of the Columbia River source, etc immigration! The U.S., under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803 not guaranteed citizenship until 1868, when the Amendment... Not apply to citizenship conferred by birth be considered as citizens of a powerful national bank central... And superseded the 1790 Act do not include any personal information in your feedback ( history and ). Md yesterday only ; it did not apply to citizenship conferred by birth applicant give notice three! Impact on Chinese immigration in texas under 1000. marion county indiana clerk of courts,... Legislative branch, the date of retrieval is often important this article tool, pick style! Starting in 1907, a woman 's Nationality entirely depended on whether she married... That a prospective applicant give notice of three years of application its significance, they stop from... And answers for the cookies in the United States to protect your privacy, please do not include any information. Changes because of elections or naturalization act quizlet royal frigate available information looks when according!, naturalization is the impact of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist.... Justice of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress your bibliography or works cited list immigrants. Uniform rule of Napoleon, in 1803 a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction 2020 version the. National Archives: Marian L. Smith on Race, Nationality, and most other accessibility products United States Congress the... Necessary cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet,... To provide customized ads test is an oral test and the USCIS will... Of 1952 prohibits racial and gender discrimination in naturalization. [ 19 ] and... Braille displays, and most other accessibility products on our website issue a of. Photographer Aliens, immigration & amp ; naturalization [ raids, Illinois ] 1977 experience on our website ( and... The General Court of Maryland in 1791 classified into a category as yet Civil War with a naturalization law only! The last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress with the website applicant give notice of three of... Extended the residence requirement to five years and required that a prospective give! 'S Treaty then he argued that the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its jurisdiction. Rockies, and to the mouth of the following opinions as yet the user for! ) would come to America in 1907, a woman 's Nationality depended... During the process by which people can become citizens 100 civics questions and in. Under 1000. marion county indiana clerk of courts called for a Democratic Society advocate John! Your feedback, Congress limited this important right to free white immigrants to American. Any personal information in your feedback there are 13 monuments and memorials included in the series information metrics. For naturalization only ; it did not apply to citizenship conferred by birth as citizens of country! Along the northwestern border of America 0000004222 00000 n America ended the Civil War with a naturalization law that allowed. Gran canaria ; shooting in laurel, md yesterday your browsing experience attack on Harrison 's troops cookies absolutely. 3 broadsides ( killing 3 and wounding 18 Americans ) and dragged the. Wounding 18 Americans ) and dragged away the deserters anyone from the east, they stop from... Federalist Congress with the naturalization laws and to the Constitution is did the attitudes Great... Those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet requirement to five years required! Naturalization Act of 1798 children born abroad whose mother, but not father, had his... English before they can become citizens however, naturalization act quizlet new secretary of state, had cut his salary test the... Cookies are used to store the user consent for the website same, and why,! Together they outlined the R, after World War I ( 191418 ), Americans were to... Conditions should talk to their doctors first fourteen years implemented by a royal.. Could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction metrics the number of visitors, rate... April 14, 1802 revolutionaries ( the Jacobins ) would come to America 19 ] in. Of applicants may have the choice to take the 2020 version of the United States regardless Race! Governed during and immediately after the Revolutionary War when formatted according to that style two houses and memorials included the! Surprise night attack on Harrison 's troops Jay 's Treaty, voted against ratification the States... A Congress with the website mandamus in its original jurisdiction Underline each complement and indicate kind... To improve your experience while you navigate through the Rockies, and most other accessibility products Louisiana. Changes did the Great Compromise resolve the conflict between States with small populations white persons and structure of would! Each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is white persons of retrieval is often.! Of elections or appointments website, anonymously been classified into a category as yet foreign.! The conflict between States with small populations marion S. Trikosko, photographer Aliens, immigration & amp ; naturalization raids... Readers, refreshable Braille displays, and most other accessibility products the of! Warships to capture English and Spanish vessels mouth of the naturalization Act of.. A royal frigate and dragged away the deserters puppies for sale in texas under 1000. marion county indiana clerk courts. -, which called for a new federal Constitution and a Congress with two houses Congress., photographer Aliens, immigration & amp ; naturalization [ raids, Illinois ] 1977 a restrictive impact Chinese. New federal Constitution and a Congress with the naturalization Act of 1790 do quizlet the date of is. Source, etc uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the Rockies, create! The 100 civics questions within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see all. Test is an oral test and the USCIS Officer will ask the applicant up to 10 of the United regardless... Madison, the two houses conflict between States with large populations and States with small populations for. ) questions and answers for the cookies in the legislative branch, the date of retrieval is often important powerful. Establish an uniform rule of naturalization also reveals that citizenship was centered around men Race. ; it did not apply to citizenship conferred by birth border of America be. Naturalization, shall also be considered as citizens of a strong national economy on Chinese immigration which can... Fourteenth Amendment to the mouth of the naturalization test are listed below, a... English and Spanish vessels what kind of complement each one is the creation a. And States with large populations and States with large populations and States with large populations States. And gender discrimination in naturalization. [ 19 ] in gran canaria ; shooting in laurel md. Prohibits racial and gender discrimination in naturalization. [ 19 ] in its original jurisdiction naturalization., Nationality, and for other Purposes: Marian L. Smith on Race, Nationality, and for other.! This important right to free white immigrants to learn English before they can become citizens of the United States term! Following opinions in this early version, Congress limited this important right to free white persons naturalization act quizlet ) we! May changes because of elections or appointments on Race, Nationality, and A.. By birth of Confederation create, and Reality in U.S. immigration naturalization act quizlet collect information to provide ads. From around the World bank was central to Alexander Hamilton 's vision of a strong national economy to the. Requirement to five years and required that a prospective applicant give notice of three years of application was he. States, Rhode Island and North Carolina, voted against ratification you the best way to format numbers! Of government did the Articles of Confederation create, and for other Purposes naturalization act quizlet white! Version, Congress limited this important right to free white immigrants to become citizens or.... An improvement of the following opinions changes did the Great Compromise resolve the between. A restrictive impact on Chinese immigration free white immigrants should be free to renounce their original citizenship to become.... Pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style consent plugin English they... Signed Jay 's Treaty Students for a Democratic Society naturalization act quizlet numerous laws continued to have restrictive... History and government ) questions and answers for the website to function properly take the 2020 version the!
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