Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. endobj
No one knows when and how they came into existence and what they meant socially. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. It reflects, on the one hand, the political aspirations of Kolis guided by the importance of their numerical strength in electoral politics and on the other hand, the Rajputs attempt to regain power after the loss of their princely states and estates. Dholakia has an occupational origin and refers to an individual who deals in Dhodka, an unprocessed grey cloth. Such a description not only overlooks the diversity and complexity of caste divisions and the rural-urban Link- ages in them but also leads to placing them in the same category as Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jains, Buddhists, and so on. Get high-quality PDF version by clicking below. In the past the dispersal over a wide area of population of an ekda or tad was uncommon; only modern communications have made residential dispersal as well as functional integration possible. This infographic documents some well-known Gujarati last names derived from the Sanskrit language and their meanings.SaveIllustration: Momjunction Design Team. It is easy to understand that the pattern of change would be different in those first-order divisions (such as Rajput) or second-order divisions (such as Leva Kanbi) which did not have within them subdivisions of lower orders and which practised hypergamy extensively. This was unlike the situation among the Rajputs who did not make any attempt to form small endogamous units. If the Varna divisions are taken into account, then this would add one more order to the four orders of caste divisions considered above. For example, a good number of villages in central Gujarat used to have both Talapada and Pardeshi Kolis and Brahmans belonging to two or three of their many second-order divisions. Moreover, the king himself belonged to some caste (not just to the Kshatriya Varna) and frequently a number of kings belonged to the same caste (e.g., Rajput). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave. 1,022. Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. The castes of the three categoriesprimarily urban, primarily rural, and rural-cum-urbanformed an intricate network spread over the rural and urban communities in the region. Valand Nayi and Barbar (Hindu) Hajam (Hindu and Muslim) Khalipha (Muslim). The members of a kings caste were thus found not only in his own kingdom but in other kingdoms as well. Her love for content creation made her pivot her career from science to writing. Indeed, a major achievement of Indian sociology during the last thirty years or so has been deeper understanding of caste in the village context in particular and of its hierarchical dimension in general. Koli Idaria Koli, Kharwa-Koli, Rathwa-Koli, Baria-Koli, Dhebaria-Koli, Koli-Malhar, Koli-Mahadev or Dongar Koli. This tendency reaches its culmination in the world of Dumont. In particular, the implications of the co-existence of lower-order divisions within a higher- order division in the same town or city should be worked out. A large number of priestly, artisan and service castes also lived in both villages and towns: Bramhans, barbers, carpenters, blacksmiths, shoemakers, leather-workers, scavenges, water-carriers, palanquin-bearers, and so on. As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about Khamar village. AHMEDABAD: A 23-year-old woman from Mehsana has filed an FIR of criminal breach of trust against her husband stating that he had hidden his caste and got married with her, claiming to a Brahmin. Patel comes from the word Patlikh, which was a title given by the king to someone who worked as a record keeper of crops and taxes from a piece of land. In Khamar village out of total population, 194 were Approximately 6,809 people bear this surname. , Central List of ST, SC, OBCs Castes In Maharashtra 2023 , , , Central List Of ST SC OBC For the State Of Tamilnadu, Central List Of OBC ST SC For the State Of Karnataka, Bharwad (in the Nesses of the forests of Alech, Barada and Gir). In a paper on Caste among Gujaratis in East Africa, Pocock (1957b) raised pointedly the issue of the relative importance of the principles of division (he called it difference) and hierarchy. there are a total of 117 families residing in the In Khamar village population of children with age 0-6 is 49 which makes up 8.75 % of total population of village. I am not suggesting that the principle of hierarchy was insignificant in the inter- or intra-caste relations in urban centres. This was dramatized in many towns at the mahajan (guild) feasts when all the members of the guild of traders would eat together. Surnames are taken . Vanzara, Shinagwala (Hindu) Kangasiwala (Hindu) and Vanzara (Muslim) of Dang district only, Vanzara, Charan Vanzara, Mathura Vanzara, Maru Vanzara, Bhagora Vanzara,Bagora Vanzara Kangashiya Vanzara, Bamania Vanzara, Ladonia Vanzara, Ladaniya Vanzara Gavariya, Gavariya or Gawalia Rohidas Vanzara, Gavaliya, Rohidas Vanzara, Waghari, Dataniya Waghari, Veduwaghari, Talpada Waghari, Gamachiya Waghari, Godadia Waghari, Chibhadia Waghari, Marwada or Marwada Waghari, Devipujak, Waghari Gamicho, Waghari Dhamecha, Vedva Churaliya, Jakhudia, Devipujak (where they are not S.T. As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act (Amendment Rajiv Shah. Gujarat did not have anything like the non-Brahmin movement of South India and Maharashtra before 1947. Leva Sheri and Kadva Sheri, named after the two major second-order divisions among the Kanbis. The male literacy rate is 91.27% and the female The Suthar community is mostly involved in the field of carpentry. Usually, it was a small population. Read ahead caste list Gujarat . Khamar is a medium size village located in Nandod Taluka of Narmada district, Gujarat with total 117 families residing. Although caste was found in both village and town, did it possess any special characteristics in the latter? Almost every village in this area included at least some Leva population, and in many villages they formed a large, if not the largest, proportion of the population. The total population of For which there is a provision of 7% reservation. Hypergamy was accompanied by sanskritization of at least a section of the tribal population, their claim to the Kshatriya Varna and their economic and political symbiosis with the caste population. Most of the second-order divisions were further divided into third-order divisions. Nor were ekdas and tads entirely an urban phenomenon. Frequently, marriages were arranged in contravention of a particular rule after obtaining the permission of the council of leaders and paying a penalty in advance. Shah derives its name from sahukaar, a Gujarati word that means merchant, banker, or money-lender. Copyright 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. Copyright 2023 Census India, All rights reserved. While the Rajputs, Leva Patidars, Anavils and Khedawals have been notorious for high dowries, and the Kolis have been looked down upon for their practice of bride price, the Vanias have been paying neither. The larger castes and even larger subdivisions among them used to have their houses segregated on their own streets (called pol, sheri, khadki, vad, khancho). This does not, however, help describe caste divisions adequately. The tribal groups in the highland area, such as the Bhils and Naikdas, also did not have any urban component. It is the Gujarati word for a parrot. If you liked it, then share it with your friends, relatives and acquaintances on social media like Facebook, Whatsapp group, Telegram group, Twitter and give your feedback by commenting below. Joshi derives its name from Jyotisha, a Sanskrit word that means an astrologer., A common surname in Gujarat, Kapadia, in Gujarati means, cloth merchant.. Until recently, sociologists and anthropologists described Indian society as though it had no urban component in the past. In this article, you can read the central list of ST (Scheduled Tributes), SC (Scheduled Caste) and OBC (Other Backward Class) castes that come under the state of Gujarat. Many of these names were also based on place names. For the sake of bravity and simplicity of presentation, I have not provided detailed documentation. Khamar is a village situated in Nandod taluka of Narmada After the commercial revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, Gujarat had a large number of tradition towns on its long sea-coast. Various misunderstandings about this caste but it certified by government that they are Vaishnav Khamar falls under general like Brahmins, Vaishnav Baniyas, Brahmbhatts, etc. Census officials-turned-scholars, from Risley to Hutton, wrote many of the earlier general works on caste. 9% A large proportion, if not the whole, of the population of many of such divisions lived in towns. Frequently, social divisions were neatly expressed in street names. Desai is a frequently used Gujarati surname composed of the Sanskrit words desa meaning country, and swami meaning master or lord. Gujarat Government has classified the castes as follows for giving reservation - ST = Scheduled Tribes ( ) SC = Scheduled Castes ( ) SEBC = Socially and Educationally Backward Classes EWS = Economically Weaker Sections (Economically weaker section, who is poor in general category / general caste, is kept in EWS). The highest stratum among the Leva Kanbi tried to maintain its position by practising polygyny and female infanticide, among other customs and institutions, as did the highest stratum among the Rajput. Bhavsars in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have their traditional caste council known as the Bhavsar (or bhavasar) Samaj or Bhavasar Kshatriya Samaj. For example, among almost every Vania division there was a dual division into Visa and Dasa: Visa Nagar and Dasa Nagar, Visa Lad and Dasa Lad, Visa Modh and Dasa Modh, Visa Khadayata and Dasa Khadayata, and so on. district in Gujarat. It has been pointed out earlier that an emphasis on the principle of division existed in the caste system in urban centres in traditional India. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. If the first-order divisions are called jatis and castes, the second-order divisions would be called sub-jatis or sub-castes. Apply this search to the user-submitted names, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results, the "relationship" is how the name relates to its parent name. The family coming under EWS category gets 10% reservation. Here, usually, what mattered was the first-order division, as for example Brahman, Vania, Rajput, Kanbi, carpenter, barber, leather-worker, and so on. The significant point, however, is that there were small endogamous units which were not, like ekdas and tads, part of any higher-order division. That the sociological study of urban areas in India has not received as much attention as that of rural areas is well known, and the studies made so far have paid little attention to caste in urban areas. Are you looking for Gujarat Caste List 2023 then you are reading the right article, on this page you will get to read gujarati caste list OBC caste list in gujarat, ST caste list in gujarat pdf, SEBC caste list in gujarat, SC caste list gujarat, EWS / general caste list in gujarat pdf. I do not, however, have sufficient knowledge of the latter and shall, therefore, confine myself mainly to Rajputs in Gujarat. The surname thus refers to a treasurer. How many sub-divisions existed in the various divisions of the various orders is a matter of empirical investigation. One important first-order division, namely, Rajput, does not seem to have had any second-order division at all. village Khamar. There was apparently a close relation between a castes internal organization and the size and spatial distribution of its population. The lowest stratum among the Khedawals tried to cope with the problem of scarcity of brides mainly by practising ignominious exchange marriage and by restricting marriage of sons in a family to the younger sons, if not to only the youngest. Sometimes castes are described as becoming ethnic groups in modern India, particularly in urban India. 0% 4 0 obj
Read further sc st obc caste list in gujarat pdf and general caste. Most of the other eighty or so second-order divisions among Brahmans, however, seem to be subdivided the way the Vania second-order divisions were subdivided into third-order and fourth-order divisions. It is important to note that the more literate and learned Brahmans lived in towns, more particularly in capital and pilgrim towns, which were, indeed, the centres of higher Hindu culture and civilization. The main reason was that Anavils did not practise priesthood as a traditional occupation, nor were they involved in traditional Sanskrit learning. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. In the second kind of area, indigenous Kolis live side-by-side with immigrant Kolis from an adjoining area. The surname thus is an occupational one and refers to someone who comes from a family of masons or artisans. The interesting and popular Gujarati surnames make them stand out from the rest. To illustrate, among the Khadayata or Modh Vanias, an increasing number of marriages take place between two or more tads within an ekda. The indigenous Kolis in the highland area of Pal in eastern Gujarat were called Palia, but there was another smaller population of KoUs, who were locally called Baria but were actually Talapada immigrants from central Gujarat. Further information may be obtained by. Khamar is a village situated in Nandod taluka of Narmada district in Gujarat. The Gujarati surname Choksi derives its name from the Gujarati word Coksi, which means assayer of gold and silver.. In the second-order divisions of the Vanias the small endogamous units functioned more effectively and lasted longer: although the hypergamous tendency did exist particularly between the rural and the urban sections in a unit, it had restricted play. Picture for representational purpose only, AHMEDABAD: A 23-year-old woman from Mehsana has filed an FIR of criminal breach of trust against her husband stating that he had hidden his caste and got married with her, claiming to a, Copyright 2023 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. //]]>. However, it is assumed that Rubberwala probably has an occupational origin, and referred to individuals who sold or produced rubber. Leuva Patels claim that they are the descendants of Luv, the elder son of Lord Ram. Kayatias and Tapodhans were considered such low Brahmans that even some non-Brahman castes did not accept food and water from them. They had an internal hierarchy similar to that of the Leva Kanbis, with tax-farmers and big landlords at the top and small landowners at the bottom. Acharya, a common Gujarati surname, derives its name from Acarya, a Sanskrit word for a spiritual leader, or the one who teaches conduct., The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means best among priests who perform Yagna.. For example, there were Khedawal Brahmans but not Khedawal Vanias, and Lad Vanias but no Lad Brahmans. Far too many studies of changes in caste in modern India start with a general model of caste in traditional India which is in fact a model of caste in traditional rural India. A common Gujarati and Sindhi surname, Virani means descendant of Vir. The word Vir derives from the Sanskrit word Vira, meaning a hero. Traditionally, the Brahman division was supposed to provide the priests for the corresponding divisions. The essential idea in the category was power, and anybody who wielded powereither as king or as dominant group in a rural (even tribal) areacould claim to be Rajput. The migration of the Kolis of north Gujarat into central Gujarat and those of the latter into eastern Gujarat was a process of slow drift from one village to another over a period of time. involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. In India, Opportunities are provided for the upliftment of persons from socially and educationally disadvantaged groups by providing reservation in government jobs, educational institutions, promotions, educational scholarships and seats or posts in elected bodies. We have seen how one second-order division among Brahmans, namely, Khedawal, was marked by continuous internal hierarchy and strong emphasis on hypergamy on the one hand and by absence of effective small endogamous units on the other. The pattern of inter-divisional marriages shows how the idea of free marriage, which guides most of the inter-caste marriages, is restricted, modified, and graded according to the traditional structure of caste divisions. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. The Rajputs, in association with the Kolis, were probably the only horizontal unit which had continuous internal hierarchy, i.e., hypergamy unbroken by any endogamous subdivisions, and which did not have discernible boundaries at the lowest level. Thus, while each second-order Koli division maintained its boundaries vis-a-vis other such divisions, each was linked with the Rajputs. The castes pervaded by hierarchy and hypergamy had large populations spread evenly from village to village and frequently also from village to town over a large area. Khamar is 560 As per the Population Census 2011, She writes baby name articles for MomJunction. are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Khamar is For example, if they belonged to two different second-order divisions, such as Shrimali and Modh, the punishment would be greater than if they belonged to two different ekdas within the Shrimali or the Modh division. Second, there used to be intense intra-ekda politics, and tads were formed as a result of some continuing conflict among ekda leaders and over the trial of violation of ekda rules. But this is not enough. A new view of the whole, comprising the rural and the urban and the various orders of caste divisions, should be evolved. Read the complete article carefully further. where it is borne by 4,561 people, or 1 in 168,179. In the city, on the other hand, the population was divided into a large number of castes and each of most of them had a large population, frequently subdivided up to the third or the fourth order. Falls under General. Thus, at one end, there were first-order divisions, each of which was sub-divided up to the fourth-order, and at the other end there were first-order divisions which were not further divided at all. Nor do I claim to know the whole of Gujarat. The meaning of this surname is not listed. People of different communities and castes live here.. Gujarat Government has classified the castes as follows for giving reservation . Although some of them set up shops in villages they rarely became full-fledged members of the village community. James Campbell (1901: xii), the compiler of gazetteers for the former Bombay presidency comprising several linguistic regions, wrote about Gujarat: In no part of India are the subdivisions so minute, one of them, the Rayakval Vanias, numbering only 47 persons in 1891. There were about three hundred divisions of this order in the region as a whole. ADVERTISEMENTS: Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! The Kolis seem to have had only two divisions in every part of Gujarat: for example, Talapada (indigenous) and Pardeshi (foreign) in central Gujarat and Palia and Baria in eastern Gujarat (significantly, one considered indigenous and the other outsider). Khamar are Vaishnavs from Gujarat. There is enormous literature on these caste divisions from about the middle of the 19th century which includes census reports, gazetteers, [] Communities meant for Central Government reservation / obc caste list gujarat / obc caste list in gujarat / o.b.c. higher Caste associations have been formed on the lines of caste divisions. Which you can also download in PDF. For example, just as there were Modh Vanias, there were Modh Brahmans, and similarly Khadayata Vanias and Khadayata Brahmans, Shrimali Vanias and Shrimali Brahmans, Nagar Vanias and Nagar Brahmans, and so on. The Vanias provide an example of such castes. %PDF-1.7
Gujarat (along with Bombay) has perhaps the largest number of caste associations and they are also more active and wealthy compared to those in other regions. (all muslim), Thakarda, Thakore, Patanwadia, Dharala, Baraiya, Bariya, Pagi, Vahivancha Charan-Gadhavi of Harijan Vankar and Chamar. 95.4% of They use modern and traditional medicine. These coastal towns were involved in trade among themselves, with other towns on the rest of the Indian sea coast, and with many foreign lands. Caste revealing surnames can result in ostracization of Dalits and exclusion from institutional and non-institutional resources, such as housing, private sector jobs, education, business and marriage, etc. . To obtain a clear understanding of the second-order divisions with the Koli division, it is necessary first of all to find a way through the maze of their divisional names. The three trading castes of Vania, Lohana and Bhatia were mainly urban. Indian international cricketers Hardik Pandya and Krunal Pandya are popular bearers of this surname. A recent tendency in sociological literature is to consider jatis as castes. But there were also others who did not wield any power. The hypergamous tendency was never as sharp, pervasive and regular among the Vania divisions as among the Rajputs, Leva Kanbis, Anavils and Khedawals. Explore the most common surnames in Gujarat. This Gujarati surname is considered to have derived from the Hindustani word panch meaning five. The name Panchal likely referred to those who belonged to any of the five artisanal communities of blacksmiths, goldsmiths, coppersmiths, carpenters, and stonemasons. No analytical gains are therefore likely to occur by calling them by any other name. The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. Divorcees and the bereaved can marry again. The two categories of castes have been deeply conscious of these differences between them and have been talking freely about them. Fortunately, they have now started writing about it (see Rao 1974). More of them were located in the plains, than in the bordering highlands. It is quite a common Gujarati surname, and indicates that the person is a believer of Jainism. The degree of contravention involved in an inter-divisional marriage, however, depends upon the order (i.e., first-order, second-order, etc.) Privacy Policy 8. to which the divisions of the marrying couple belong. The Gujarat Sultanate (1407-1523) was a medieval muslim kingdom that was founded by Sultan Muzaffar Shah I, a tank khatri originally from southern punjab who converted to islam. Kotadiya You have liked . It was originally an occupational name for someone who produces or sells alcohol. At the other end were castes in which the principle of division had free play and the role of the principle of hierarchy was limited. Sathvara,Satvara, Kadiya-Sathwara, Kadiya Satvara , Dalwadi or Kadiya. Briefly, while the Varna model was significant in the total dynamics of the caste system to fit the numerous first-order divisions into the four-fold Varna model in any part of India is impossible, and, therefore, to consider varnas as caste divisions as such is meaningless. He stated: hereditary specialization together with hierarchical organization sinks into the background in East Africa (293). Kotecha is likely an occupational surname referring to a business community whose ancestors were merchants. Division and hierarchy have always been stressed as the two basic principles of the caste system. 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