[24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. It was a miracle. He was a sad traitor. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. (. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. 1915-1921. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. I liked her determination. In November 1964, after a visit to the United States, she returned, intending to settle permanently. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. He. He was 65. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail
Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. by Ian Allen If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Melinda fitted the bill. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. by. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. He was very good when he was around. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. Kim Philby, , . Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. 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