This production is notable for both its boldness and restraint. In the end, the story of this play is extremely simple - what matters is the experience of feeling locked in the world of the daughters. The Story of St. James and The Camino de Santiago. Appalled that Angustias would defy her orders to remain in a state of mourning, Bernarda violently scrubs the makeup off her face. Indeed, all we know about Pepe, we learn from the Alba family and their two servants, La Poncia and Criada. Second Spanish Republic. By attempting to combat her limitations as a woman, Adela goes too far and dies. The play tells the . Garcilaso de la Vega 1501?-1536. Distressed, Adela threatens to run into the streets in her green dress, but her sisters manage to stop her. Classification. Gngora and Gongorismo or the Art of Obscurity. The Visigoths in Spain. GENDER AND AUTHORITY IN LA CASA DE BERNARDA ALBA AND ESCUADRA HACIA LA MUERTE (Spanish) Rice, M. In: Entre actos - Dialogos sobre teatro espanol entre siglos , 2 ; 337-344 ; 1999 ISBN: 9781888463071, 1888463074 Conference paper / Print Details Table of contents Similar titles How to get this document? Garcilaso de la Vega. History of Spain.18th Century. History of the Jews in Spain.14th-Century. Her adaptation opened at the Almeida Theatre under the director Bijan Sheibani, starring Shohreh Aghdashloo as the title character and Hara Yannas as Adela.[11]. Bernarda identifying the gender roles for those not born into the upper class (Gender inequality) 'la vara de la dominadora' Description of Bernarda's cane (Repression vs Liberty) 'llenar mi casa con el sudor de sus refajos y el veneno de sus lenguas' Bernarda exhibiting her fear of others' judgement (Reputation) 'Que pague lo que debe!' Velzquez. Early Background. Through Bernada, it provides its most damning commentary - so harsh are the expectations placed on women that a powerful matriarch herself reinforces those skewed values and acts like a man, as though the only way to have power is to ignore and betray her own femininity. The Worlds Greatest Ham. Bernarda's old mother, locked away because of her seeming senility, plays the role of a prophet. Scenes 1 to 4. Santillana to Oviedo. And yet what Pepe also represents is the ugly side of a man. Ferdinand and Isabella: Catholic Monarchs. Attached to the walls, numerous air conditioners warn of the suffocating summer ahead in rural Western Australia. Agrarian Reform June 1931-November 1933. Pepe el Romanos escape without any apparent consequences for him confirms Adelas earlier observation that men get away with their transgressions (They are forgiven everything Act II, 159) and Amelias reflection that To be born a woman is the greatest punishment Act II, 159). Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Second Spanish Republic 1931-36. But why does Bernarda ban men from her house? Guzmn de Alfarache. The play was adapted as an opera, Bernarda Albas Haus, by Aribert Reimann; it premiered in 2000. Cedars, S.R.. Joyce, Meghan ed. Abd al-Rahman III. Architecture with Poetry and Arabesque. For example, at the social level, women might appear . need for socialist changes mentally/emotioanlly free . Possible answers: The fact that male characters never appear on stage is perhaps reflective of the social context whereby despite their absence, they maintain a certain superiority and power over the female characters. Lorca displays the increasing tensions between the authority of Bernarda and the rest of the household with the gathering of the ominous storm-clouds as imagery. Romances of Chivalry. inequality physically restrained political ? Early 15th-Century. La Poncia makes clear that the Alba family is only rich in the terms of a poor village, suggesting that they are not as wealthy as they believe. The play, la casa de Bernarda Alba, also focuses on what happens when freedom and individuality are restricted. Silence, Ive said! The gender poverty gap actually widened between 1968 and 2016. There is an Open Access version for this licensed article that can be read free of charge and without license restrictions. The House of Bernarda Alba (Spanish: La casa de Bernarda Alba) is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico Garca Lorca. Nov 1933-Feb 1936. Many or all of these privileges are denied to women in some third world countries today. Forsyth engages with the audience from beginning to end, and Milledges Adele is unforgettable. A Catalan Architect Par Excellence. When Pepe el Romano rides off to escape being shot, it is not difficult to imagine that the cycle will start over. In the end, while Lorca does not make any blanket condemnation of religion, he does present it as unable to transcend the greater repressive and destructive forces of humanity. Restoration 1902-1931. Maria Josefa announces that she wants to get married; she also warns Bernarda that she'll turn her daughters' hearts to dust if they cannot be free. To address Pepes importance first: It is around him that Lorca creates a drama based on his relationship with two of Bernardas daughters, the oldest, Angustias, and the youngest, Adela. From the beginning of the play, the theme of authority has been prevalent throughout the entire play. Quevedo. Mercury. (LogOut/ Don Juan and Honour. Prefiero llevar sacos al molino', Magdalena acknowledging that she is unlikely to marry, 'No os tengo ley a ninguna, pero quiero vivir en casa decente', La Poncia insisting that her only desire is to live in a respectable household (Reputation), La Poncia pointing out to Bernarda that Adela is a more suitable partner for Pepe el Romano than Angustias, Bernarda, yo quiero un varn para casarme y tener alegra! Spanish Ballad. In the world today there still exists societies where strong patriarchal/matriarchal families are the norm. The theme of rebellion is portrayed through the storm imagery around the house. EL Burlador de Sevilla. And yet to call Lorca's play feminist is perhaps to subscribe too political a vision to it. Alemn. . Though Pepe is, like the other men of the village, never seen onstage, his presence looms as a major character. There are no men seen on the stage in the play, yet they are never far from the action. Angustias inherited a large sum of money from Bernarda's first husband, while Bernarda's second husband has left only small sums to his four daughters. Visigoths or Invisigoths! in Spain. The production design on The House of Bernarda Alba melds a hieratic, formal aesthetic with tropes of outback Australia, such as air conditioners. Mr. Andrade uses to ask who's calling something. This is by any measure a first-class cast, and their performances dont disappoint. Garcilaso de la Vega. "Yo no quiero estar encarcerrada" - Adela Act 1. With her director and collaborator Leticia Cceres, Cornelius has done the seemingly impossible: rendered Lorcas story in a contemporary Australian context, remaining true to its molten core, while at the same time avoiding the pitfalls that must have beset the whole project. We will begin by defining the concept of "gender" in sociological terms and explain what it means to talk about gender inequality and the transformation of gender relations. Poncia's shriek is heard. Josephs, Allen and Caballero, Juan Madrid: Ediciones Ctedra, 1987. Burlador de Sevilla. The House of Bernarda Alba study guide contains a biography of Federico Garca Lorca, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Vulcan. 2016. GradeSaver, 12 October 2012 Web. Oldest daughter has priority in marriage The daughters spend the eight years mourning and making their trousseaus (clothes and linens they will take to their homes on marriage) Clear gender roles and inequality 'Hilo y agua para las hembras. Alemn. Day 2. Inside the Great Mosque of Crdoba, Spain. The House of Bernarda Alba is a reflection of Lorca's intense theatrical sense, meaning that the play's focus is less its simple plot and more the atmosphere created around it.. The point is that despite Bernardas draconian restrictions imposed on her daughters (they will spend eight years in mourning following her second husbands death Act I, 129), Pepe has penetrated the protective wall erected by her. Day 14 Segovia El Burgo de Osma, Travel 2013 Day 15 Berlanga, Baudelio, Gormaz, Travel 2013. [12] Directed by Vinay Varma and scripted by Dr. Raghuvir Sahay, the play adapted Lorca's original to a more Indian matriarch family setup. Catalonia in the 13th Century. 09:00-20:00, History/Religious Studies Bacchus. The freedom men enjoy without consequences is conveyed symbolically by their access to the outside world, especially the countryside. Therefore, the theme of sexual impulses and its fulfillment is an interconnected theme as well. Feeling overwhelmed at the prospect of teaching literature having not had the opportunity to do so on my PGCE I created the discussion group as a place to share ideas . Don Quixote and the Real World. A loud noise is heard; Bernarda immediately calls for Adela, who has locked herself into a room. History of Spain.18th Century. Christ on the Cross. Casa Batll, La Pedrera, Park Gell. Analysis. Part II (1615). In addition to plot progression, character development and foreshadowing imagery, Lorca complicates the relationship between freedom and authority by adding themes regarding sexual conduct. 08:00-22:00, Conti-Campus Request Permissions, Published By: Indiana University of Pennsylvania. The display of the Tables of Contents may therefore be incomplete. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Anthony Maddaluno Vir Fidelis It Omnia Paratus, A Sociological Analysis of Gender in Literature: The House of BernadaAlba, About Me: My Commitment to Advocacy and SocialJustice, Interdisciplinary Connections: Sub-Themes and ResearchApproaches, Reflection on the Challenges that I Encountered Creating thisPortfolio, Special Thanks to the People who Helped Me Make thisHappen, The Courses that made this E-PortfolioPossible, Sociological Comparison of Gender and the Family Unit from Third to FirstWorld, A Legal and Sociological Look at Egypts NewConstitution, Music Video On Womens Rights in the MiddleEast, Analysis of Nationalist Propaganda in Leni Rifenstahls Triumph of theWill, Life in Auschwitz: A SociologicalAnalysis, Nazi Propaganda: Nationalism, Violence,Modernity, Cambodia under Khmer Rouge: Racial Ideology andGenocide, Estimated death tolls in the KillingFields, Roots of the Cambodian Genocide: Nationalism and Post-Colonialism, Political Economy and Genocide: The Casualities of Forced Collectivization and Economic Planning in the CommunistWorld, Example of a Diminshed Capacity LegalDefense, Presidential War Power and Habeas Corpus in the Modernera, Punishment and Remorse: Applied to Bigger Thomas in NativeSon, The Social Effects of Incarceration inAmerica, Black Noise Rap Music and Culture in Contemporary America: My BookReview, Intimate Partner Violence StatisticalTrends, Women on the Supreme Court: Justice ElenaKagan. Those expressions of the carnal appetites run counter to the sterility, chastity and purity of Bernardas constantly cleansed and whitewashed home; the cleanliness and white wall color being literary uses of imagery to convey such ideals. Marg Horwell and Rachel Burkes austere set and lighting design evoke a prison. According to the book Federico Garca Lorca and the Culture of Male Homosexuality, one of his executioners boasted: We left him in a ditch and I fired two bullets into his arse for being a queer.. Suffering from poor health, 39-year-old Angela is the only heiress to the familys fortune, which leads to other deeply human themes: envy, social injustice, hypocrisy. Highlights Bernarda's obsession with what her neighbours think about her family. they owe total obedience to their mother. Gender inequality is a social and cultural phenomenon in which there is discrimination against people due to their gender. [, Bernardas obsession with honour obeys a social attitude that stretches back centuries and finds fertile ground in Spains Golden Age (approx. There are over 143 million records that can be searched in the TIB Portal. Camino de Santiago. Cornelius maintains Lorcas original structure, reworking it with references to popular culture: instead of sewing, the characters read gossip magazines filled with plastic surgery makeovers and superficiality. Architecture as Cultural Signpost in Spain. 1994 Indiana University of Pennsylvania The tables of contents are generated automatically and are based on the data records of the individual contributions available in the index of the TIB portal. The characters experiences intertwine in the stifling setting of the household. They do, however, continue to note his handsomeness, and indeed, his name, which translates to "the Roman," clues us into the way he is viewed as a hero. Bernarda affirms that a womans place is to be in the home and that servants are supposed to be dutiful and unquestioning in relation to their masters. He wants to create characters that are both believable in their specificity and evocative in their symbolic weight. Quevedo. Second Spanish Republic 1931-36. the honour of the family name depends on them. As such, all his characters have unsubtle symbolic qualities while still possessing individual, esoteric traits. Catalonia in the 14th Century. 20th Century. Decline of a Popular Genre. Martirio and Bernarda return and imply that Pepe has been killed. 1931-33. Our Tip: Log in first for optimal use of all functions! Bernarda Alba, a recent widow and mother of five fully-grown daughters, keeps a tight household, prohibiting any of her daughters to date or leave the house. The romantic relationships with Pepe, particularly Adelas takes the form of a sexual rebellion against Bernardas codes of behavior. Bernardas overexertion of authority has oppressed and cloistered her daughters, who also hold deep resentment and the desire to rebel against her dictates. Cornelius has moved the action from a rural Spanish village to the outback of Western Australia, where the family of a wealthy mining magnate have returned from his funeral. Bernarda, her five unmarried daughters Angustias, Magdalena, Amelia, Martirio and Adela, her deranged mother (Maria Josefa), and two servants, La Poncia and the other called simply Criada (i. e. Al-Andalus. Definition. Bernarda forbids her daughters to cry. Andeme yo caliente/1581. Generation of 1898. Spain. Love and seduction. It explores their suffering under a world that allows men to follow their whims and expect forgiveness, while women are held to impossible standards. Bernarda expresses the belief that a woman should only look at a man in church, and Prudencia will soon quit going to church because she is being mocked. Her feelings are underscored by an air of romantic mystery and adventure added by La Poncia: the harvesters come from the mountains and are carefree (Alegres Act II, 159), and adding more spice some of them had paid an exotic young woman from afar to accompany them to an olive grove. He wants a docile, demure wife (according to Angustias, Act I, 150) while at the same time carrying on an affair. Velzquez. The House of Bernarda Alba (BA) (La Casa de Bernarda Alba) was written in 1936, a few months before the death of its author Federico Garca Lorca.BA is a tragedy of three acts and depicts the lives of those who live within the walls of Bernarda Albas' house. Life and Fame. Nevertheless, there are three other men, mentioned briefly, whose behavior is hardly exemplary: Bernardas second husband Antonio Maria Benavides (Act I, 123, 127), who has pursued Criada, lifting her petticoat (Act I, 123), La Poncias husband Evaristo el Colins whose first words to her are bluntly sexual: , The point is that men are not punished for their transgressions, The freedom men enjoy without consequences is conveyed symbolically by their access to the outside world, especially the countryside. Pepe: Example of Male Behaviour and Freedom. Perhaps the tragic force is sexuality. [The Alba household is made up entirely of women, nine in all. The House of Bernarda Alba: a drama about women in the villages of Spain, or La casa de Bernarda Alba, is a play by Spanish poet, dramatist, and director, Federico Garca Lorca, that explores themes of sexual repression, inheritance, and violence among three generations of women in rural Spain. Precursors and the Problem of Spain.. El Buscn. It will unconditionally squander the time. Argoos. Arab Moorish Influence on Agriculture in Al-Andalus. Pepe has been charged with too much power for him to ever live up to it, but so heavy are the chains of repression that he never would have to if he were to bring to any of the sisters the freedom they so desperately desire. Las Hilanderas or The Fable of Arachne. Despite Pepe's absence, he has the most . Ana Puchau de Lecea does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Determined, nevertheless, to defend her familys honour, Bernarda predictably prohibits men entering her house, even those who have attended her second husbands funeral: , In case we think that family honour is pass, its worth remembering that it is still very much alive nowadays, with honour killings frequently reported in some conservative societies. Why Santiago de Compostela? Add to cart . Angustias accuses Adela of being the , With family honour threatened by Adelas shameful behaviour and suicide, Bernarda now finds herself in a situation that she condemned in others and hastens to mount damage control. She demands silence claiming at the same time that Adela died a virgin. Book of Good Love: Libro de buen amor. Thatchers victories were no wins for womankind: she had no interest at all, as she often declared, in fighting for her sex. Cantigas de amigo. . Therefore, I conclude that freedom and authority are joined at the hip and need to dispersed in proper balance so that they can work on harmony and not toward mutual destruction. Four Spanish Gothic Cathedrals: Their Historical Meaning. The Supper at Emmaus. Why were they there? Spain Golden Age Literature. Characters: Bernarda. Visiting Toledo. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Women, on the other hand are trapped. Analysis. Cceress direction is almost geometric: she creates a formal movement of bodies across the space that seems to grow organically out of the action. 9th to 14th Centuries. Vision of St. John. In a perverse way, Bernarda thinks she is doing the right thing for her daughters she understands that the world represses and punishes women for their sexuality and that the only way to be successful is to show the strength of a man. Everyone in that house is a victim of resentments born of repression, and everyone but Adela lets it consume them. of the Alba family; it is improper, scandalous. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy 3. The Military. El Buscn. From the beginning of the play, the theme of authority has been prevalent throughout the entire play. [The Alba household is made up entirely of women, nine in all. Maria Josefa is a strange character. Al-Andalus. He is invisible and silent, because the action takes place entirely in Bernardas house, a space which men are strictly prohibited from entering. She returns with her hands clasped around her neck and warns the family not to enter the room. One could argue that by trying to master her sexuality, Adela is defeated, as though her sexuality were too strong. In the play, The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico Garcia Lorca, oppression, death, depression, and desire are recurrent themes that relate to each other. In their absence, the wounds that men inflict move to centre stage. Second Spanish Republic. A\`AA tour de ro\^oole, demandez si votre partenaire fait les choses suivantes pendants ses vacances a\`aa Paris. Perhaps the most severe cost of repression is that it keeps a truly poetic soul, like Adela's, from flourishing. The performances are nuanced and complex, providing reasons to understand the characters even in their most questionable actions. The House of Bernarda gives an insight into the social stratification of society into both gender and class roles, as well as the rights and status of women in rural Spain during this time. So when a character enters wearing a bright color, like Adela in her green dress in Act I, the contrast is striking. Overview. With Adela out of earshot, Martirio tells everyone else that Pepe actually fled on his pony. As Martirio says after hearing about Adelaidas fathers scandalous behavior, for which he was not punished: . The treatment of Pepe el Romano in the play is in fact an example of all mens behaviour. San Juan de la Pea and Alquzar, Travel 2017. These areas are also in third world or poorer nations where the traditional family structure is still depended on for law, order and stability that the governmental institutions cannot provide. Velzquezs Early Paintings. Travel 2013. In a homophobic world, his homosexuality was a scandal and a shame. Sonnet 23. Military Reform June 1931-November 1933. Term. "Voy a beber agua" - Adela Act 3. Pepe pays proper court to Angustias, visiting her at her window. Don Quixote. However, where her sisters internalize their lust and it turns to bitterness, Adela forces it outwards and risks the shame and potential harm of a public affair with Pepe. Determined, nevertheless, to defend her familys honour, Bernarda predictably prohibits men entering her house, even those who have attended her second husbands funeral: I dont want them passing through here, she informs La Poncia (Act I, 125). (1992). Bermejazo platero de las cumbres. "The House of Bernarda Alba Essay Questions". heres a common misconception that feminism is all about unquestioning sisterhood. Drought, Irrigation and Protection. Transition to Provisional Government. Hispanic Journal is devoted to the research and criticism in the areas of Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque and Portuguese literatures and cultures, and Spanish and Portuguese linguistics. Bernarda will not allow any of her daughters to marry a suitor that does not meet her stringent standards in regards to men. The real antagonist to Adela is her mother, who represents the forces of repression that Lorca would have understood from living in a newly fascist Spain. Guzmn de Alfarache. The House of Bernarda Alba is Lorca's last and possibly finest play, completed shortly before he was murdered by Nationalist sympathisers at . Bernarda insisting that her daughters are entirely obedient to her (Hypocrisy), 'Velo! Gender inequality is discrimination on the basis of sex or gender causing one sex or gender to be routinely privileged or prioritized over another. Bernarda has five daughters, aged between 20 and 39, whom she has rigidly controlled and prohibited from any form of relationship. 1 / 32. The external voices of Lorcas wheat reapers singing on their way to work are now noisy miners who are free to drink beer and gamble at the pub. Click the card to flip . Esta obra teatral se llama La casa de Bernarda Alba. Day 7. However, Pepe also has a clandestine affair at the same time with Adela and this is a grave threat to the honour etc. Crdoba and Culture. Tension explodes as family members confront one another, leading to Bernarda pursuing Pepe with a gun. In their production of Federico Garca Lorcas The House of Bernarda Alba, director Leticia Cceres and playwright Patricia Cornelius show us that it can. TOLEDO. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Brief Biography of a Gambler, Rebel, Poet. , aged between 20 and 39, whom she has rigidly controlled and prohibited from any of... 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